Effective Beneficial Microorganism for Human C. Butyricum

• Customization: Available
• CAS No.: N
• Formula: N
• Model NO.: CB01
• EINECS: N
• Packaging Material: Plastic
• Storage Method: Normal
• Shelf Life: >12 Months
• Nutrient Composition: Protein
• Resource: Natural
• The content of active substances: 31%~60%
• Smell: Addible
• Appearance: Multiple
• Cfu Density: 20b/G
• Transport Package: Bagged Carton
• Specification: TBC
• Trademark: N
• Origin: China
• HS Code: 21069090
• Production Capacity: 5, 000kg/M

Product Description

Introduction
Clostridium butyricum is a butyrate-producing human gut symbiont that has been safely used as a probiotic for decades. C. butyricum strains have been investigated for potential protective or ameliorative effects in a wide range of human diseases, including gut-acquired infection, intestinal injury, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and colorectal cancer. In this review we summarize the studies on C. butyricum supplementation with special attention to proposed mechanisms for the associated health benefits and the supporting experimental evidence. These mechanisms center on molecular signals (especially butyrate) as well as immunological signals in the digestive system that cascade well beyond the gut to the liver, adipose tissue, brain, and more. The safety of probiotic C. butyricum strains appears well-established. We identify areas where additional human randomized controlled trials would provide valuable further data related to the strains' utility as an intervention.

The intestinal barrier separates the intestinal lumen (where microorganisms reside) from host tissues. The gut barrier is composed of three layers: the outermost mucus layer acts as a physical barrier against invading microorganisms; AMPs and antibodies (e.g. IgA) form a chemical barrier. Subsequent to the mucosal layer is the epithelium: a monolayer of epithelial cells mechanically linked by TJ proteins (e.g. claudin, occludin, JAMS, ZO-1). TJs regulate paracellular transport, selectively allowing the passage of small molecules. The epithelium also harbors the mucus-secreting goblet cells (not shown), hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells (not shown), and several other immune cell types (e.g. intraepithelial lymphocytes). Finally, the lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue beneath the epithelium. It contains the majority of immune cells: innate immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells, and adaptive immune cells, such as T cells and antibody-producing plasma B cells. The epithelial and immune cells produce cytokines, or signaling molecules, to communicate across the layers of the intestinal barrier. (Figure adapted from König et al. 2016²⁹)

AMP: antimicrobial peptide; TJ: tight junction; JAMs: Junctional adhesion molecules, ZO-1: zonulin-1
 

C. butyricum strains improve gut barrier function by increasing the thickness of the mucosal layer and increasing expression of TJ proteins. Increased expression of TJ proteins may also result from C. butyricum's stimulation of IL-17 production from intraepithelial T cells. This improved barrier results in decreased permeation of LPS and pathogenic bacteria into host tissue and blood

TJ: tight junction; IL-17: interleukin-17; LPS: lipopolysaccharide

C. butyricum strains modulate the immune system to present a tolerant and anti-inflammatory signature. Possibly via butyrate signaling and/or an LTA-activated TLR2-dependent pathway, C. butyricum stimulates TGF-β and IL-10 secretion from APCs (dendritic cells and macrophages), Tregs and intestinal epithelial cells. Increased levels of butyrate, TGF-β, and IL-10 contribute to Treg differentiation. An increased population of Tregs and IL-10 inhibit differentiation of Th17 cells that induce IL-17-mediated inflammation, and Th2 cells that induce an allergic response from eosinophils, mast cells, and plasma B cells. Dotted lines indicate indirect effect

LTA: Lipoteichoic acid; TLR2: Toll-like receptor 2; TGF-β transforming growthfactor beta; APC: antigen presenting cell; IL-10: interleukin-10; Treg: regulatory T cell; Th17: T helper 17; Th2: T helper 2

Activation of Akt pathway by C. butyricum

C. butyricum in the management of metabolic diseases

C. butyricum against tumorigenesis

Dosage
Follow physician's guidance or instructions enclosed.
Storage
Keep at 5-15DC and dry out of sunlight.

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